Makes sense for the female lead to not be Captain given that this will take place pretty close to TOS. After all, Starfleet did go all out sexist on the female gender after Enterprise by not permitting women to be Captains (As written by the Great Bird of the Galaxy himself Gene Roddenberry).
I'll lay that one at the feet of the guy who wrote the actual teleplay for "Turnabout Intruder". Yeah, he scriptified a story Gene initially wrote, but Gene had also given us Number One in "The Cage", so he had absolutely zero qualms about high-ranking women. Either that, or the common fan theory that Janice Lester claimed misogyny scrubbed her career -- whn, in fact, she was just nuts.
If we're going to take the whole "10 years before Kirk" thing literally, that would mean the original Enterprise is somewhere out there. Remember what Spock said during his hearing in "The Menagerie Part 1"?
SPOCK: This is thirteen years ago. The Enterprise and its commander, Captain Christopher Pike.
That was a first season episode of the original series. Naw dates in Star Trek can be get pretty inconsistent (The 1900s was 200 years ago in the 2300s), but if this truly takes place before Kirk takes command of the Enterprise, that would mean you could watch the original version of "The Cage" and then watch Discovery knowing that it occurs three years after that episode. Who knows... Maybe the Enterprise herself will appear in the show.
Part of my obsessive delving into both the real-world and in-universe evolution of Trek has been dealing with the timeline. I try to use better research methodology than the Okudas. They arbitrarily set TOS exactly three hundred years after the original airdates. I work with actual referents from the episodes, films, scripts, production notes, and interviews with the various folks involved in the process to glean things that were in their minds when writing/creating, even if it never ended up in dialogue...
TWOK being set in 2285 works well. Late March, to be specific, because it's Kirk's birthday. His fiftieth, according to Nick Meyer, hence Kirk's mopiness. So his birth year would be 2235. Which works with the sources that have him ten years old when the
Enterprise is launched, and the (again arbitrary) official date for that is 2245. The season 2 writers' bible says Kirk is "about thirty-four". I won't get into my breakdown of TOS stardates right now, but the long-and-short of that is that the corrected placement for the five-year mission is 2268-2273, with TMP taking place in 2276. Using the same process, I back-date the Talos IV incident to 2257 -- ten years before Kirk took command of the
Enterprise, and eleven before "Where No Man Has Gone Before".
Whether any of the folks working on Discovery know
any of this, I have no idea... but I sorta doubt, given the track record of the latter TNG/DS9/VOY era's references to the Okudas' "research" for their dating and name-dropping. This is why I cringe at this series being back in the Prime Timeline. The people who have been making new content for that setting don't know it as well as they think (and the fact that they refer to Enterprise as preceding TOS kinda clinches it for me).
--Jonah