I am also looking for info about reinforcing vacuuformed ABS pieces.
I am just a beginner at this, like you are, so this is just the basics, the info that I have gathered:
"Fiberglass" consists of a fabric of glass fibers that is saturated with some kind of adhesive paste that cures hard. The plastic piece would be brushed with this paste, a mat of glass fiber would be laid snugly on top and then more paste would be brushed on top until the glass fiber mat is saturated, but no more.
There are two common types of such a paste: polyester resin ("fiberglass resin") and epoxy. Polyester resin adheres directly to ABS, cures harder than epoxy but it emits dangerous fumes, so you will need a proper respirator and do it in a well ventilated area.
I will probably use epoxy, mainly because it does not smell and because it is softer than resin it will not crack as easily. Don't use epoxy from the hardware store, get some that is intended for fiberglass.
However, I have heard that epoxy does not adhere too well to fat plastics such as ABS or Styrene, so the armor/helmet part needs to be primed first. I am afraid that the layer of primer would be where cracks would appear first. Roughening up the surface with sandpaper could also help to increasing adherence.
Edit: If you already have it, you could use car body filler (Bondo) for small parts. It is often used to repair damaged armor. Car body filler is basically polyester resin "diluted" with chalk or other powder.
More info from people with some experience with fiberglass would be helpful. :$