Apparently the TMP bridge, or what was left of it, was used as the "Battle Bridge" in early Next Generation episodes
True that the 5 bridge does have a similar configureation to that seen in TMP, WOK and so on. However instead of one stand-up station behind Kirk, there are TWO. This puts a dividing line right behind the Captain, and it makes for a distracting background.
In Trek 6, the walls are rearranged so that the turbolifts are actually at the SIDES of the bridge! Functionally this is actually much better because you no longer have assassins sneaking up behind Kirk all the time. :lol
Visually, with all those black consoles grouped together at the back, you get a vast sweeping backdrop, and the bridge seems HUGE. In fact it is no bigger than in TMP.
You can see in the TMP and Trek 6 shots, the camera has a very WIDE angle lens, to again emphasize the space and make the bridge seem bigger. In Trek 5, Shatner seems to have used more "TV-style" narrow lenses, and this also helps contribute to the dinky look of the set.