For me, the domed flat bottom head and the ball body don't gel together as a design - like two random shapes thrown together with little thought of practical functionality.
So here is my concept of how the droid would work in real life...
So think of a Segway...
The mechanism inside would hold drive motors to propel the ball, power source, cpu, gyro etc... It would use something like the Segway uses to keep it upright even when you fall off, this would keep this mech. inside the ball vertical or near vertical at all times. Now the head would be held in place by magnets. Would think a donut type where you have an attracting force in the center and a repeling force around the permiter. Using electromagnetic tech, the forces could be adjusted as needed to either put some space between the head and ball, or secure it closely. i think this would be useful in terrain, more space for the bumps, less bounce on the head. As for rotating the head using magnets, again some sort ring that has a magnet that attracts a single spot on the head could rotate, dragging the had with it. I am no expert on magnetic forces, but given the other science bypasses the Star Wars universe uses....why not
Actually this is a very technologically plausible way to replicate this droid, the ball would house the arduino (you don't need 4 computers today, it can be done with little electronics, instructables has a load of seg-things for people to see), the gyros and acelerometer. Quite obviously you need the ability to roll the ball on many directions wich would complicate the build, but I'm guessing at a glance it can be done, inside, a crown of electromagnets could maintain the head in its proper place. I'm sure the more experienced droid-builders are already dusting off their engineering heads to make it happen!
Here's a toy that is literally just a ball with something inside that rolls itself:
http://www.gosphero.com/sphero-2-0/
I mentioned it above too no one seemed to notice lolThis technology could very well be the answer to the riddle....a bigger version with the head-controlling electronics and you are on your way!