I passed over a tweet this morning from Newsarama noting that Community star Don Glover was campaigning to play Spider-Man in the upcoming movie reboot.
Casting choices are always contentious decisions. You may not like Christian Bale’s bat-growl. You may think Ryan Reynolds is too young to play Green Lantern Hal “Highball’ Jordan. You may have thought Brandon Routh channeled the quiet ease of Christoper Reeve just fine. Patrick Stewart was a spot-on Charles Xavier. You may have even thought that Shaq was the perfect Steel.
No matter what you think about casting choices, there is a certain amount of thought that goes into why an actor is chosen to play a particular hero, villain, or supporting character. Sometimes, that choice is based purely on the star power attached to the lead. There’s one case where this has really gotten the in way.
Hallie Berry played a convincing (thought somewhat too Westernized) Storm in the X-Men franchise. Bad wigs aside, fans embraced her in the role. What Berry did not fit into was Catwoman’s leather. It didn’t make sense, it wasn’t based on comics, and it was poorly written. Simply stated: it was a flop. Surely the star power of Ms. Berry should have made it work on some level. Why not? She was Selina Kyle, but really she wasn’t the Selina Kyle. Comics fans like their stories based on the greater mythology that has been at work for–in many cases–over seventy years.
I once read an interview with one of the DC Comics executives where they discussed interpretations, legacy characters, and the immutable elements of their mythologies. He argued there are three elements in defining the way a character is represented: 1) the absolutes; 2) the negotiables; and 3) the things up for grabs. He used Superman as a prime example.
1. The Absolutes
On the doomed planet Krypton, a scientist Jor-El sends his only son to Earth. The child is adopted by kindly parents Jonathan and Martha. He grows up and becomes a reporter at the Daily Planet in Metropolis. As Superman, he fights for Truth, Justice, and the American Way. Blue tights, red cape, “S” shield on his chest. Lois Lane, Lex Luthor, Jimmy Olsen…they’re all and important part of the puzzle.
These pieces of the mythology never change. They are central to the character and everything for which he stands and is. No one in editorial is going to let you muck around with them.
2. The Negotiables
The character bibles will tell you that Superman is 6′2″, has black hair, and a spit curl. They are important parts of the representation of the character. They are familiar, yet not fixed. The various reboots over the years: The Man of Steel (1986), Birthright (2004), and Secret Origin (2010) have been used to put their unique spin on the absolutes in order to better contextualize Superman and his mythologies for the era. I spend a lot of time talking about this concept in my master’s thesis, but I won’t bore you with the details.
3. Up for Grabs
Part of any great comic book mythology is what new authors and artists add to the experience. This can include new characters and plots that can quickly become a core part of the universe. When Paul Dini contributed to Batman: The Animated Series, he added characters like Harley Quinn and Renee Montoya. Both characters are now important parts of Gotham. With Superman, kryponite was first employed in the radio series. However, can you imagine the absence of kryptonite as part of the mythos? Does Jonathan Kent die and when? Is Superman first Superboy? When does he first meet the Legion of Superheroes? What does Brainiac look like? What’s the style of the Fortress of Solitude? That’s all up for grabs. New ideas can quickly become part of the old core. That’s what allows authors to leave their stamp on the mythology.
What makes these stories different from classical mythology is that they are in a constant state of flux and evolution. They grow. They expand. The work to better suit the needs of the time.
Is it possible, then, for Donald Glover to become the movie Spider-Man without betraying the the absolutes of the mythos? I think so.
Two caveats, though. One of the greatest challenges in adapting a comic property for film is the lip-service necessary to keep fans satisfied and happy. However, one must realize that a film is an adaptation or separate creation altogether. It is possible to treat the two expressions independently. Because Sony currently owns the rights to the Spider-Man move franchise, it is not important that it fits into the Marvel Entertainment Iron Man/Hulk/Thor/Avengers movie universe. Sony could, theoretically, do whatever it wanted. Remember, there was a time in the 1990’s where we almost had a long-haired Nic Cage fighting a giant spider robot in a Superman movie. (*shudders*)
It wasn’t too long ago that there was a substantial lobby for Will Smith to play Captain America in the upcoming film. It would not make sense for blonde-hair, blue-eyed Steve Rogers to be played by Will Smith. Will Smith, however, could play Isiah Bradley, the protagonist of the Truth: Red, White, and Black miniseries (2003). In Truth, the Super Solider Serum is administered to several African American soldiers in a Tuskegee-style experiment prior to Rogers’ receiving the treatment. While first a “What If?”/Elseworlds-style story, it later became a canonical part of the Marvel Universe, with Bradley’s grandson becoming a member of the Young Avengers.
To my knowledge, no such story exists that could frame the Spider-Man mythos in that context. As such, I feel it’s best to refer back to our three-tier system for understanding the mythology.
1. The Absolutes
Teenage Peter Parker is raised by Aunt May and Uncle Ben after the death of his parents. On a field trip, he gets bitten by a radioactive spider and gains superpowers. To make money, he participates in underground wrestling matches. When the owner cheats him, he lets a robber get away. That robber later murders Uncle Ben. Feeling responsible for his uncle’s death, he realizes “with great power comes great responsibility.” Red and blue suit (though sometimes black), New York City, Daily Bugle, Mary Jane Watson, J. Jonah, Jameson, etc. are all part of the mythology. You can’t replace these parts of the story.
Though Peter Parker has always been represented as white in the comics, I think it is fully reasonable to change the character’s ethnicity without destroying the core elements of the mythos. Here’s why:
Peter grows up in the outer borough of New York City and becomes from an economically-disadvantaged background. Family is an important part of his upbringing. He works hard in school and hopes for a better life. Due to short-sightedness, he takes the easy way out and makes the quick buck. He suffers great loss due to senseless urban violence. He deals with the mistrust of society because of his identity (Spider-Man, vigilante, masked hero). Each of these elements are plausible within the context of an African-American character. They are also plausible for a white or Latino character as well. Superman might not work in the same way due to the Jewish overtropes and middle-America upbringing that are a part of the character’s creation. Spider-Man could easily be an African-American teen.
For too long, comic scholars–both professional and casual–have lamented the white, homogeneous make-up of our superheroes. Storm, Black Panther, Steel, and Green Lantern (Jon Stewart) are some of the most recognized heroes of color. I was encouraged when WB decided to use Blue Beetle Jaime Reyes as a central character in the Batman: Brave and the Bold cartoon series. For every Great Ten, Super Young Team, and Global Guardians that comics produces, you have the senseless killing of Ryan Choi (The Atom) in order to return Ray Palmer to the spotlight.
Could Spider-Man be black? Sure. Why not. There’s lot of great discourse that come from it. Is Donald Glover the right person to take up the mantle? Maybe. I’m a big fan of his comedic talents on Community. He plays a character that is confident, cocky, goofy, and at ease with himself. I think those are important things that fall under The Negotiables label. Race, in turn, could very well be Up for Grabs.