You guys have WAAAAYYYYYY overthunk this. I had one of the original Lifeclocks, courtesy of a friend who appeared in the film, and I was in an Industrial Plastics program at school at the time, where we discussed the challenges of making a bunch of them for the film.
The movie props were polyester resin low-pressure castings. That is, they were resin dropped into a single-sided mold and allowed to set. Once hard, they were taken from the molds, which were reused.
The sample from which all of the replicas I've seen was one of many cast in a short time frame. The resin was mixed in big batches, then poured with syringes, eyedroppers, or something similar. The later in the pour that any particular casting was poured, the thicker it had become (from the chemical reaction), and thus the greater the surface tension on the low-pressure side (that is, the open-air side) of the pour. The sample was obviously late enough in the pour to give a nice, rounded bulge in the mold, and if they used more hardener (to speed things up), that would account for the more pronounced convex face than was on the one that I had. I also remember seeing some of the originals which had backs flat enough that the costumers had used crocus cloth to wear the edges down for the comfort of the extras.
The "imperfections" in the face of the crystal were partly from a buildup of the casting release agent in the mold, possibly from both the master from which the molds were made, and/or from the mold in which the sample was made.
BTW, in the book, the "Flowers" were microscopic crystals embedded in the hand, which were so flat that tattoo artists attempted to modify or duplicate them. Author George Clayton Johnson said that the inspiration was the microscopic glass beads from which Scotchlite chalk is made. For the film, the original idea of doing the extras' lifeclocks as ink-ons was discarded due to the way that dyes would run once people's hands got sweaty -- the poly resin just needed to be stuck on with spirit gum, which was easily maintained by the make-up department.